Thermodynamics: Introduction: Physics' field of thermodynamics examines how heat, work, and temperature relate to energy, entropy, the physical characteristics of matter, and radiation. The four principles of thermodynamics, which give a quantitative description using quantifiable macroscopic physical variables but may be interpreted in terms of microscopic elements by statistical mechanics, regulate how these quantities behave. Physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and other complicated subjects like meteorology are just a few of the topics in science and engineering where thermodynamics is relevant. thermodynamics In the past, efforts to improve the performance of early steam engines led to the development of thermodynamics, mainly thanks to the work of French physicist Sadi Carnot (1824), who thought that improving engine performance was the key to France's victory in the Napoleonic Wars. Lord Kelvin, a Scots-Irish physicist, pr...
Gun : Introduction: A gun is a long-range weapon that fires projectiles out of a shooting tube, or barrel. The projectiles are usually solid, but they can also be charged particles or pressurised liquid (such as in water guns or cannons, spray guns for painting or pressure washing, projected water disruptors, or technically flamethrowers) (e.g. plasma gun). Solid projectiles can either be tethered or free-flying (like bullets and artillery shells) (as with Taser guns, spearguns and harpoon guns). A cannon is another name for a large-caliber firearm. Gun Although the methods of projectile propulsion vary depending on designs, they are often pneumatically influenced by a high gas pressure enclosed within the barrel tube, produced either through the quick exothermic burning of propellants (as with firearms) or by mechanical compression (as with air guns). Once the propelling gas stops acting on the projectile after it exits the muzzle, the high-pressure gas is introduced behi...