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Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics

  Atomic, M olecular  & Optical P hysics : Introduction: The study of matter-matter and light-matter interactions at scales of one or a few atoms and energies of a few electron volts is known as atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO). The relationships between the three are intricate. Classical, semi-classical, and quantum approaches are all included in AMO theory. These areas often include the theory and applications of optical properties of matter in general as well as emission, absorption, scattering, and spectroscopy of electromagnetic radiation (light) from excited atoms and molecules.   While molecular physics is the study of the physical characteristics of molecules, atomic physics is the branch of AMO that investigates atoms as a standalone system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Due to the synonymous usage of the terms atomic and nuclear in standard English, the word "atomic physics" is frequently connected with nuclear energy and nuclear bombs. Howe...