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Physics outreach

 

Physics outreach:

Introduction:

The term "physics outreach" refers to a number of activities conducted by educational institutions such as science museums, research organizations, universities, clubs, and schools with the goal of increasing interest in and knowledge of physics. Even though the general public may occasionally be the target of such initiatives, physics outreach frequently focuses on creating and offering materials, giving talks to students, instructors from other disciplines, and in some cases researchers from various fields of physics.

 

Physics outreach

History:

Since the early 19th century, people and organizations have made continuous efforts to bring physics to a wider audience. Galileo Galilei attempted to explain new information in astronomy, frames of reference, and kinematics in a way that a common audience could understand with remarkable success in historical works like Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems and Two New Sciences.

 

Michael Faraday, an English physicist and chemist, attempted to explain scientific phenomena to young adults in a series of nineteen lectures he gave in the middle of the nineteenth century. His goals were to spread awareness, motivate people, and bring in money for the Royal Institution. The Christmas lectures are still being delivered as part of this series. By the early 20th century, there was a growing interest in physics due to the public popularity of physicists like Marie Curie and Albert Einstein as well as innovations like radio. The founding of the physics honor society Sigma Pi Sigma in universities in the United States in 1921 played a significant role in the growth of physics presentations and sparked the emergence of all-student physics clubs.

 

Although museums were a significant tool for education, they tended to concentrate on natural history in the early days of science. Many of the historically significant pieces of equipment that were utilized in the great discoveries made by Maxwell, Thomson, Rutherford, etc. were kept in some specialized museums, such the Cavendish Museum at the University of Cambridge.  However, such settings offered few chances for practical instruction or demonstrations.

 

Frank Oppenheimer dedicated his brand-new Exploratorium in San Francisco in August 1969, focusing on interactive scientific displays that illustrated physics fundamentals. The Exploratorium has since expanded into various outreach projects after publishing the specifics of their own displays in "Cookbooks" that served as an inspiration to many other museums around the world. While receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1965, Oppenheimer conducted study on European science museums.

Three museums, he said, had a significant impact on the Exploratorium: the South Kensington Museum of Science and Art, which Oppenheimer and his wife frequently visited; the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the largest science museum in the world; and the Palais de la Découverte, which used models to teach scientific concepts and used students as demonstrators, a practice that directly inspired the Exploratorium's lauded High School Explainer Program.

 

Physics outreach

In the years that followed, physics outreach and science outreach in general continued to grow and adopt new, trendy formats, including hugely popular television programs like Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which debuted in 1980.

 

In 1997, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Energy USDOE launched QuarkNet, a professional teacher development program, as a way to reach out to teachers and students in the physics education community.A five-year, $6.1 million grant was given to the University of Notre Dame in 2012 to fund the Quarknet program's expansion across the country. Also in 1997, the European Particle Physics Outreach Group was established under the direction of Christopher Llewellyn Smith, FRS, Director General of CERN, to foster a community of scientists, scientific educators, and public outreach experts for particle physics. After the LHC started operating in 2011, this group changed its name to the International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG).

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